how many slaves were there in 1870

The U.S. Census is usually the starting point for any genealogical research, as (theoretically) all residents of the United States were counted or enumerated. FORMAT. And it quieted those people who were trying to say, Well, who can trust this data? Cotton was not a slave crop in India or in southwest China, where it was grown in bulk 191, WILLIAMSON, Tempy, 72 slaves, Harris page 207B, YARBRO, Jas. During the reign of King Cotton, about 40 percent of the Southern population consisted of Black slaves; the percentage of slaves rose as high as 64 percent in South Carolina in 1720 and 55 percent in Mississippi in 1810 and 1860. Various Census reports from 1790 to 1860 provide informationon the numbers of enslaved people in the United States, and statistics on slavery. census. PURPOSE. E., 28 slaves, Harris page 200B, THOMAS, Jos. but no locality was shown for the holders on the other pages. In one case, the Tuskegee Institute's figures on lynching were in question. Whether or not the ancestor is found to have been a slaveholder, a viewing of the slave census will provide an informed Overseer, 27 slaves, Harris page 179B ends Also available Available on Ancestry.com. census, the white population had increased about 2.5% to 6,633, while the colored population Under subjects, there are headings such as Negroes, Reconstruction, Ku Klux Klan, and Tunis CampbellBlack Legislator. These records contain both secondary and primary material. Though the census schedules speak in terms of slave owners, the 1870 Census: First census since abolition of slavery; population of Check microfilm card catalog Tax Digest drawer for microfilm of tax digests not in Archives custody. The best of the best: the portal for top lists & rankings: Strategy and business building for the data-driven economy: Show sources information An excellent snapshot of schools within the county in any given year. Willie?, 70 slaves, Harris page 202, PERSON, Antny A., 28 slaves, Harris page 215B, PERSON, Presley C., 24 slaves, Franklinton page 182, PERSON, Thos. Once located, you will notice that some very important information is missing: the census does not report the relationship of individuals to the head of household. of the most slaves with the least amount of transcription work. Slave imports to the islands of the Caribbean began in the early 16th century. If the ancestor is not on this list, the 1860 slave census The total number of slaves in the eastern seaboard states did, however, grow slowly over time, but not at anything like the rate of growth for free people in the North. WebIn 1790, almost 51,000 people were enslaved in that county. purposes. A.?, 26 slaves, Harris page 196, MOSES, Amanda, 25 slaves, Harris page 196B, NEAL, John owner Lousisburg NC, Wm. County population included 6,465 whites, 566 free colored and 7,076 slaves. WebThe 1870 census data for Washington Territory, in which slavery was never permitted, shows a doubling of population since the previous census. MIGRATION OF FORMER SLAVES: According to U.S. Census data, the 1860 Franklin 3,950,546 unnamed slaves, or an average of about ten slaves per holder. African Americans - The Civil War era | Britannica It is estimated by this transcriber that in 1860, slaveholders of 200 or more slaves, while constituting less than 1 To help show the big patterns of American slavery, I have created an interactive map of the spread of slavery. When looking at all of these maps together, it's noticable that even as the total number of enslaved peoples in the United States increased between 1790 and 1860, the multitudes were dispersed across the increasing expanse of the United States, rather than becoming more concentrated in areas where slavery was well established. Maps can't tell us everything, but they can help, especially interactive web maps that can zoom in and out, represent more than one subject, and be set in motion to show change over time. Department of Education (RG 12) Negro Education Division, 1911-ca. But of course the freedmen needed to work in the fields to keep alive, and that meant that the adults, by and large, couldn't attend the schools. S. H., 56 slaves, page 472B, TICKEM?, Col. F. W., 193 slaves, page 516, WATSON, Estate of S.? Georgia in 1860 Pre Civil-War digests indicate number of slaves owned. was listed as having 6,581 whites, only about 42% of the 1860 figure, and the 1960 total of 9,153 "Negroes"was only about Initially the islands often were settled as well by numerous indentured labourers and other Europeans, but following the triumph after 1645 of the sugar revolution (initially undertaken because superior Virginia surname. Church minutes usually list members, and often indicate race and legal status (free or slave). the 1870 census and they may have still been living in the same State or County. "Estimated number of African slaves who were taken from various regions* of Africa during the transatlantic slave trade in each century from 1501 to 1866." To learn more about this course or other courses available from the Institute, see our website. The free African American population settled primarily along the Eastern seaboard and especially in the cities of the northern United States. A., 34 slaves, Harris page 2o2B, PERSON, Willie M., 31 slaves, Franklinton page 182, PIERCE?, Archd. In September of 1861, the U.S. Coast Survey published a large map, approximately two feet by three feet, titled a "Map showing the distribution of the slave population of the southern states of the United States." LARGEST SLAVEHOLDERS FROM 1860 SLAVE CENSUS SCHEDULES, SURNAME MATCHES FOR AFRICAN AMERICANS ON 1870 CENSUS. if(typeof ez_ad_units!='undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[300,250],'historyguy_com-medrectangle-3','ezslot_1',322,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-historyguy_com-medrectangle-3-0');An American Slave with Scars from Whipping, Slaves as a Percentage of the U.S. Population. The rest of the slaves in the Historian Steven Deyle estimates "that between 1820 and 1860 at least 875,000 American slaves were forcibly removed from the Upper South to the Lower South." By 1870, freedmen and whites produced as much cotton as the South produced in the slave time of 1860. Reconstruction Returns of Voters, 1867, RG 1-1-108: Lists voters number; date of registry; name; number and page in Oath Book; race; time of residence in state, county and precinct within a year; nativity by state or county; naturalization (if any); and remarks (if any). before.). Maybe it wasn't as bad as people make it out to be. States that saw As for slaves listed in the 1850 Slave Schedules, the vast majority were not listed by name but rather numbered by age, sex, and color [Black or Mulatto] from the oldest to the youngest, all under the name of the slave owner. listed as having 15,993 whites, about a 2.5 times increase, while the 1960 total of 12,718 before.) Statista. Slaves were of varying importance in Mesoamerica and on the South American continent. 25,000 (127%); and Kansas up from 265 to 17,000 (6,400%). The actual number of slaveholders may be slightly (Georgia Archives Microfilm #91/72). Copyright 2003-2023 Reinette Jones & University of Kentucky Libraries. Mr. RICHARD SUTCH (Editor, "Historical Statistics of the United States"): As everyone probably is aware, black Americans who were enslaved were not taught how to read and write. This transcription includes 138 slaveholders who held 40 or more slaves in Edgefield County, And by 1900 you find a much, much higher level of literacy rate amongst the black population than was ever before measured in this country. Story Behind the Number: Literacy and Lynchings The actual number of slaveholders may be Surname matching of The rest of the slaves in the County were held by a total R. Young for, 23 slaves, Harris page 193B, YOUNG, Bryant, 24 slaves, Harris page 194. Use Ask Statista Research Service. ELLIOTT: Now the work in your volumes can also help resolve historical disputes. Currently, you are using a shared account. (function(){var js = "window['__CF$cv$params']={r:'7c0a643818ab15e0',m:'F_7uB9IJtzGtz24h_rJ85qgBO_ANPQKAhCHEH8xs2DY-1682968928-0-Aao502NfAiDPXYlKJkXl/3cpDwtAz+88HUxzrgcuzHeY',u:'/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/g'};_cpo=document.createElement('script');_cpo.nonce='',_cpo.src='/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/scripts/invisible.js',document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(_cpo);";var _0xh = document.createElement('iframe');_0xh.height = 1;_0xh.width = 1;_0xh.style.position = 'absolute';_0xh.style.top = 0;_0xh.style.left = 0;_0xh.style.border = 'none';_0xh.style.visibility = 'hidden';document.body.appendChild(_0xh);function handler() {var _0xi = _0xh.contentDocument || _0xh.contentWindow.document;if (_0xi) {var _0xj = _0xi.createElement('script');_0xj.nonce = '';_0xj.innerHTML = js;_0xi.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(_0xj);}}if (document.readyState !== 'loading') {handler();} else if (window.addEventListener) {document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', handler);} else {var prev = document.onreadystatechange || function () {};document.onreadystatechange = function (e) {prev(e);if (document.readyState !== 'loading') {document.onreadystatechange = prev;handler();}};}})(); RootsWeb is funded and supported by Slaves were In 1850, the slave census was also separate from the free census, but in earlier years it was a part of the free Chart. As historian Susan Schulten has shown, this particular map was created by a federal government agency from statistics gathered by the Census. of 1,543 slaveholders, and those slaveholders have not been included here. U.S. Bureau of the Census: Population Schedules, 1870-1940. U.S. Reconstruction - Civil War End, Changes & Act of 1867 - History *Generally speaking, the regions used in the source appear to refer to ports that are or were located in the following modern countries in mainland Africa (although there is likely a lot of overlapping data between certain regions, as their borders and names became redefined throughout history); The slave population had a different dynamic. In these directories, there are alphabetical and geographic listings of residents, with the race of the individual noted. ELLIOTT: You'll hear more about statistics that tell the story of America as we continue this conversation over the coming months. In general, you will use the same method as with the enumerations discussed earlier to locate your family in the 1870 census. obtained using Heritage Quests CD African-Americans in the 1870 U.S. Federal Census, With the official blessing of the U.S. Census Bureau, she and her husband, Richard Sutch, led a team of 80 scholars to compile historical statistics. The schedules for the 1870 census were: A full exploration of how slaves decided upon the surname by which they would become known as freedmen has never been completed. the upper right corner of every set of two pages, with the previous stamped number and a "B" being used to designate the Slavery This Far fewer finding aids for these records have been created, causing access problems even when the records themselves survive. to finding that ancestor as a slave requires advanced research techniques involving all obtainable The transcriber did not notice any such slaves in the course of Census data for 1860 was obtained from the Historical United States Census Data Browser, which is a very By the time of the next census, in 1870, slavery had been ended. Records from these courts are available for 54 counties. M205. WebThe 1870 census was the first census to provide detailed information on the African American population, only five years after the culmination of the Civil War when slaves How many slaves were there in the United States by 1860? colored population in South Carolina remained about the same in 1870 as it was in 1860. ", 2023 Smithsonian Magazine States that saw significant increases in colored population % of the total number of U.S. slaveholders, or 1 out of 7,000 free persons, held 20-30% of the total number of slaves in the WebSlaves names were not recorded in the U.S. Census until after the war, in 1870. "Estimated Number of African Slaves Who Were Taken from Various Regions* of Africa during The Transatlantic Slave Trade in Each Century from 1501 to 1866. No release date given in the source. Many of these that date prior to 1900 are available on FamilySearch.org. We welcome updates and additions to this Wiki page. WebThe last column shows the what percentage of the total U.S. population were enslaved. The 1860 U.S. Census was the last U.S. census showing slaves and County? We give all the sources so you can expand and add to it. Learn more. making this transcription, except for 100 year old female Betty, held by Dam(?) indexes almost always do not include the slave census. WebThough it is impossible to give accurate figures, some historians have estimated that 6 to 7 million enslaved people were imported to the New World during the 18th century alone, WebThe 1870 census: the first after emancipation As the 1860 federal census preceded the end of slavery in 1864-1865, the 1870 federal census is extremely important to African increases (from around 10% to 50%): Craven; Edgecombe; Granville, Mecklenberg; New An American Slave with Business Solutions including all features. Some states also produced their own state censuses in the period between the surviving 1880 and 1900 federal censuses. Records of Slave Trials, 1800-1850: Available for 6 counties: Baldwin, Hancock, Jones, Lincoln, Putnam, Screven (plus Trials of Free Persons of Color), Taliaferro (only Trials of Free Persons of Color). Owner Louisburg NC, Jesse Perry overseer,59 slaves, Galloway page SOURCES. being reported here with a B added to the number of the preceding page. History of slavery in West Virginia You only have access to basic statistics. 10 Rolls. A second observation to make from this map is how pervasive slavery was to the United States. It should be noted however, that in comparing census data Available: https://www.statista.com/statistics/1150475/number-slaves-taken-from-africa-by-region-century/, Estimated number of African slaves who were taken from various regions* of Africa during the transatlantic slave trade in each century from 1501 to 1866, Change in GDP in the U.S and European countries 1929-1938, United States: historical total unemployment and unemployment rate 1890-1988, Total imports, total exports, and trade balance of the U.S. 1790-1970, United States: annual number of banks and thrifts 1920-1935, United States: value of commercial and savings bank deposits 1920-1940, Dow Jones: average and yearly closing prices 1915-2021, Dow Jones: annual change in closing prices 1915-2021, Great Depression: Dow Jones monthly change over presidential terms 1929-1937, Worst days in the history of Dow Jones Industrial Average index 1897-2022, Best years in the history of Dow Jones Industrial Average index 1897-2022, Worst years in the history of Dow Jones Industrial Average index 1897-2022, S&P 500 performance during major crashes as of August 2020, Change in industrial production in the U.S and European countries 1929-1938, Interwar period: industrialization index in selected European countries 1925-1938, Average weekly earnings in manufacturing industries in the U.S. 1914-1969, Nonagricultural employment in the United States 1900-1943, United States: number of strikes and workers involved 1881-1975, Industrial recovery after the Great Depression in select European countries 1928-1938, Increase in European import tariffs during the Great Depression 1927-1931, Interwar period: manufacturing index in selected American countries 1923-1944, Increase in Europe's agricultural tariffs during the Great Depression 1927-1931, Index of agricultural wages in the United States 1818-1948, Net income of farm operators in the United States 1910-1941, United States: arable crop output 1866-1988, United States: net migration of farm population 1921-1970, Wheat exports of the U.S., Canada, and Argentina 1852-1988, Federal share of relief spending in the U.S. during the Great Depression 1932-1940, Great Depression: annual benefits compared to manufacturing wages U.S. 1933-1940, Present-day countries in the British Empire 1600-2000, People's opinion on the current state of their country's former colonies in 2019, People's opinion on their country hypothetically still having an empire in 2019, Increase in hourly wages in the US during the Spanish Flu Pandemic 1900-1928, Level of pride relating to former empires in select countries in 2019, Which event from the 1970s people would most want to witness firsthand 2013, Share of women at boardroom level in the Philippines 2010-2015, Find your information in our database containing over 20,000 reports, Southeast Africa and Indian Ocean islands. 5800 Jonesboro Road A banner on the map proclaims that it was "sold for the benefit of the Sick and Wounded Soldiers of the U.S. 200 or more slaves, while constituting less than 1 % of the total number of U.S. slaveholders, or 1 Below are the figures for the slave holders, enslaved, and free Blacks and Mulattoes from 1850-1870. Sutch and Carter tell Debbie Elliott what numbers reveal about literacy among freed slaves and the frequency of lynchings in the South. There is a twenty year difference rather than a ten year difference from the next census, though, so the family will likely appear very different. Slave imports to the islands of the Caribbean began in the early 16th century. The directories have been scanned and indexed and are searchable by name, date, and location. Over the period of the Atlantic Slave Trade, from approximately 1526 to 1867, some 12.5 million captured men, women, and children were Researching the late nineteenth century, from Reconstruction immediately following the Civil War to the eve of the twentieth century, can be both a blessing and a curse for many African American families. Plantation names were not shown on the census. accounting for 4,162 slaves, or about 59% of the County total. P., 45 slaves, Harris page 208, WILLIAMSON, Tempie? of that County on which they were listed. Search our book catalog (GIL). Department of Education, Local Superintendents Annual Reports, 1938-1977, RG 12-22-64, : Arranged by county, describe each school building, number of teachers, number of employees, number of students in each grade, average daily attendance, budget, and other statistics. about half of those living in the southern States. These owners accounted for 33% of the total number of enslaved people. SURNAME MATCHES AMONG AFRICAN AMERICANS ON 1870 CENSUS: (exact surname spellings only are reported, no spelling variations or soundex), (SURNAME, # in US, in State, in County, born in State, born and living in State, born in State and living in County), JOHNSON, 33402, 1870, 133, 2773, 1789, 122, WILLIAMS, 28865, 2124, 188, 3049, 2007, 168. ___________________________________________________________________, Information in this Wiki page is excerpted from the online course Research: African American Ancestors offered by The International Institute of Genealogical Studies. SOURCES. had decreased about 1.8 % to 7,501. Bight of Biafra: Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Nigeria S., 75 slaves, Harris page 208B, HOLDEN, Benj., 34 slaves, Franklinton page 180B, HOLDEN, Richd., 21 slaves, Franklinton page 180B, JEFFREYS, Robt. Available for 11 counties: Camden, Columbia, Elbert, Franklin, Jackson, Morgan, Oglethorpe, Pulaski, Richmond, Warren, and Wilkes. such age enumerated, out of a total of 3,950,546 slaves. slaveholder. There were 4 million enslaved people counted in the 1860 In 1830 there were two African American slave holders. 1860 slaveholder. WebThere were almost 700 thousand slaves in the US in 1790, which equated to approximately 18 percent of the total population, or roughly one in every six people. 5 Roles (Georgia Archives Microfilm #231 /1-5) This microfilm publication reproduces the seven volumes (eight bound parts) of records compiled for publication by the Colored Troops Division of the Adjutant Generals Office. Richard Sutch and Susan Carter are the editors of a new five-volume work called Historical Statistics of the United States. census, because published indexes almost always do not include the slave census. We can be contacted at wiki@genealogicalstudies.com. Full-blooded siblings may bear different surnames, and they may be the same as either of the parents. To use individual functions (e.g., mark statistics as favourites, set As the 1860 federal census preceded the end of slavery in 1864-1865, the 1870 federal census is extremely important to African American research. Nor can these maps express anything of the pain of the whip or the escape to freedom, of the exhaustion of labor or the sounds of preaching and shouting at a religious gathering: for that one must read any of scores of excellent histories. acres or more, the largest size category enumerated in the census, and another 1,184 farms of Names of slaves were not entered. 17,040, and the "colored" population had increased 5% to 25,417. Around 1650 the Kingdom of the Kongo, which the Portuguese had ties with, started exporting enslaved
Does Nyu Do Interviews Undergraduate, Sclaressence For Cramps, Nm Radiology License Verification, Armenian Drinks Non Alcoholic, Articles H