Toys, art supplies, and age-appropriate books are also provided. Surprisingly, in 30% of the countries which provided information on the gender of traffickers, women make up the largest proportion of traffickers. The government was actively complicit in the forced labor of North Korean workers. In India and Nepal, young girls from poor and rural areas were often expected to leave school to help support their families during the economic hardshipsome were forced into marriage in exchange for money, while others were forced to work to supplement lost income. It is undeniably essential for governments to execute effective, coordinated public health responses to prevent further loss of life and economic damage as a result of the pandemic. This text provides general information. In these cases, the trafficker may begin grooming the victim at an early age, using their close proximity to take advantage of the childs developmental stage and inability to verbally express concerns or safety issues. In the same survey, more than 50 percent of migrant workers reported bearing new debts because of the pandemic. Forty percent of those on the streets are LGBTQI+. Joshua Youle Page 11: Picture Alliance It will promote peace and security in the region through maritime security and counterterrorism capacity building. It is essential that financial institutions train staff on techniques human traffickers use to launder money and the behavioral and financial red flag indicators of human trafficking. Brooke Beyer Guyana Soumya Silver Between 2008 and 2019 the number of human trafficking victims identified worldwide more than quadrupled from around 30,000 to nearly 120,000. There were no other reports of child soldier use in 2019. Governments should continue working with neighbors and NGOs to address cross-border trafficking issues and support strong collaboration at the borders to identify and prevent trafficking. Coordinator for the Arctic Region, Deputy Secretary of State for Management and Resources, Office of Small and Disadvantaged Business Utilization, Under Secretary for Arms Control and International Security, Bureau of Arms Control, Verification and Compliance, Bureau of International Security and Nonproliferation, Under Secretary for Civilian Security, Democracy, and Human Rights, Bureau of Conflict and Stabilization Operations, Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor, Bureau of International Narcotics and Law Enforcement Affairs, Bureau of Population, Refugees, and Migration, Office of International Religious Freedom, Office of the Special Envoy To Monitor and Combat Antisemitism, Office to Monitor and Combat Trafficking in Persons, Under Secretary for Economic Growth, Energy, and the Environment, Bureau of Oceans and International Environmental and Scientific Affairs, Office of the Science and Technology Adviser, Bureau of the Comptroller and Global Financial Services, Bureau of Information Resource Management, Office of Management Strategy and Solutions, Bureau of International Organization Affairs, Bureau of South and Central Asian Affairs, Under Secretary for Public Diplomacy and Public Affairs, U.S. Cryptocurrency transactions, including those involving human trafficking, are recorded on public blockchains. This narrative was written by a consultant for the Network funded by the TIP Office. Service providers should make sure children understand their rights and are empowered to make decisions about their own care, where appropriate. the estimated number of victims of severe forms of trafficking is very significant or is significantly increasing and the country is not taking proportional concrete actions; or. Sarah A. Scott Peru The circumstances of LGBTQI+ individuals, including threats of public disclosure of their sexual orientation or gender identity, are not isolated to foreign countries. In cases where an individual engages in any of the specified acts with a child (under the age of 18), the means element is irrelevant regardless of whether evidence of force, fraud, or coercion exists. OSCE/UN Women conducted a robust survey shining a light on the issues victims and service providers faced. When the family member or guardian is the victims trafficker, it may not be apparent that human trafficking is occurring, especially because the victim lives with or near the perpetrator. The above statistics are estimates derived from data provided by foreign governments and other sources and reviewed by the Department of State. Jordan This email address provides a means by which organizations and individuals can share information with the Department of State throughout the year on government progress in addressing human trafficking. As of April 5, PKO funding was obligated for the Somali National Army and Somali Ministry of Defense for the following activities: logistical support; stipends; advisory support; training; equipment; and program oversight. They were routinely moved around and often unsure of where they were located. The WhatsApp forum allowed the nearly 350 police and prosecutor participants to share tips and resources on effective methods for trafficking investigations and prosecutions. We arent victims because we chose this life. as featured by Yvette Young, BreeAna Johnson, Christopher Bidorini, and Erin Williamson, There are many jurisdictions that are predominantly White yet the most being exploited, arrested and children taken into custody are women of color. Description and Amount of Assistance Withheld Pursuant to Section 404(a). In her role as Presidential Advisor and the national Disarmament, Demobilization, and Repatriation programs Strategic Focal Point for Children, Bemaka-Soui operationalized the governments nascent anti-trafficking interagency committee and led the development and implementation of the countrys first national action plan on human trafficking. In addition, some service providers offered telephone and online counseling and legal aid sessions, including filing temporary protection orders by email and providing legal representation via online platforms. Its Survivor Inclusion Initiative works to facilitate survivor access to basic banking services, such as checking and savings accounts by connecting survivors to financial institutions. Moldova Josiane Lina Bemaka-Soui has developed the Central African Republics national anti-trafficking response from the ground up. Despite the significant disruptions to efforts to combat this crime, the anti-trafficking community found ways to adapt and forged new relationships to overcome the challenges. Ukraine Disrespecting survivor leaders and their experiences hurts and further exploits survivors, who are key stakeholders in the anti-trafficking movement, and it ultimately perpetuates a harmful and deficient understanding of what it means to be survivor-informed. NATO Human Trafficking Policy (2004) to be up-dated in 2021. Monica Maurer For example, experts have developed techniques to link some cryptocurrency transaction records to online commercial sex advertisements, which can provide additional information on human trafficking networks. Page 6: Picture Alliance Aggregate data fluctuates from one year to the next due to the hidden nature of trafficking crimes, dynamic global events, shifts in government efforts, and a lack of uniformity in national reporting structures. Sofia Javed The Secretary of State is authorized to waive this automatic downgrade only once, in that third year, based on credible evidence that a waiver is justified because the government has a written plan that, if implemented, would constitute making significant efforts to meet the TVPAs minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking and is devoting sufficient resources to implement the plan. In 2018, for every 10 victims detected globally, about five were adult women and two were girls. Global Programme for Strengthening Capacities to Prevent and Combat Organized Crime, Global Programme on Crimes that Affect the Environment, Expert Meeting on International Cooperation, Ad hoc committee to elaborate an international convention on countering the use of ICTs for criminal purposes, International cooperation and information exchange, The Monitoring Illicit Arms Flows Initiative, Global Programme against Money Laundering, United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime, Conference of the Parties to Organized Crime Convention, Commission on Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice, Blue Heart Campaign against human trafficking, 20th anniversary of the UN Convention against Transnational Organized Crime (UNTOC20), Countering transnational organized crime and illicit trafficking/drug trafficking, Prevention, treatment and reintegration, and alternative development, Drug cultivation, production and manufacture, Statistical activities, surveys and standards, Convention against Transnational Organized Crime, Convention against the Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances, Information on funding opportunities and the recipient organizations, Regional Programme for Afghanistan and Neighbouring Countries, Commission on Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice (CCPCJ), Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime and its Protocols (UNTOC/COP), Conference of the States Parties to the United Nations Convention against Corruption (COSP), IMOLIN - the international money laundering information network, International Day against Drug Abuse and Illicit Trafficking (26 June), United Nations drug, crime and terrorism treaties, United Nations Trust Fund for Victims of Human Trafficking. Mali Christine Buchholz The Trafficking Victims Protection Act of 2000, as amended (TVPA), defines severe forms of trafficking in persons as: A victim need not be physically transported from one location to another for the crime to fall within this definition. El Salvador Japan Some employees of NGOs that help identify and provide services to survivors of human trafficking have even faced threats of violence by followers of these theories. A trauma-informed approach should ultimately build trust and transparency between survivors and service providers, and it must also be responsive to gender, age, ethnic, and cultural differences. Around 20 per cent of human trafficking victims were adult men and 15 per cent were young boys. The UN TIP Protocol, which is widely ratified, mandates the criminalization of money laundering when proceeds are derived from humantrafficking and encourages signatories to promote international cooperation between their respective national authorities addressing money laundering. The Secretary-General has institutionalized mechanisms to continue engagement and cohesion across the United Nations system, and prioritized leadership accountability relating to sexual exploitation and abuse through mandated action plans and personal certifications. Chantal Sagbo Sasse has been at the forefront of Gabons anti-trafficking movement for more than two decades. There is a connection and a disparity from police profiling, arrest, incarceration rates, sentencing, and recidivism. Many of us loathe the churches that allowed us to be abused with their hatred of us from the pulpit. Equatorial Guinea Other collaborative efforts have provided anti-trafficking stakeholders, including service providers, investigators, prosecutors, and first responders, with the tools, equipment, and guidance to protect themselves against and screen for the virus, which is essential to ensuring the health and safety of victims, survivors, and vulnerable populations. any person under 18 years of age who has been recruited or used in hostilities by armed forces distinct from the armed forces of a state. 1107, 6 December (2013). Kendra L. Kreider New Zealand After arriving in the United States, Vicente and several other Chilean students learned their program had been changed from a two-year program to a one-year program in food services. Founded in 2001, Sana Sezim has been a premier anti-trafficking organization in Kazakhstan and has greatly advanced efforts within the country to end human trafficking and help labor migrants. These spaces, which can be a separate room or even just a corner of a regular interview room, are typically located in existing structures such as police stations or hospitals and are administered by the government or an NGO. Bahamas, The The determination to include a government in the CSPA list is informed by a range of sources, including first-hand observation by U.S. government personnel and research and credible reporting from various UN entities, international organizations, local and international NGOs, and international and domestic media outlets. Many organizations have published collaborative reports, such as Road to Recovery produced by Restore NYC, a U.S.-based service provider, in partnership with eight other anti-trafficking organizations, many of which were survivor-led and from various regions of the country, to present shared experiences and findings from service provision and organizational adaptations during COVID-19, as well as forward-looking takeaways. The Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). Victims and survivors faced obstacles accessing assistance and support as lockdowns, social distancing protocols, and a lack of resources caused service providers to close shelters and reduce services. Canadian authorities provided disclosures to counterparts in the United States, the United Kingdom, the Netherlands, Portugal, Jamaica, and Brazil, demonstrating the transnational nature of human trafficking and the importance of international cooperation to end it. broad-based law enforcement or developmental initiatives. An end to the conflict will be critical in ending the further deterioration of socio-economic and security conditions, ensuring long-term stability, and securing the space for restoring effective governance institutions that are capable of partnering with the United States and the international community in combatting terrorism. Likewise, law enforcement should address biases to improve identification and protection efforts for victims from marginalized communities while preventing re-traumatization. Furthermore, familial trafficking situations may have prevented survivors from developing key healthy social skills, including how to make and maintain friends, relate to other children and adults, ask for assistance, and recognize their own self-worth. As of April 5, no PKO funds have been obligated in FY 2021. International Military Education and Training $154,921 NGOs have also reported experiencing cyberattacks and threats on social media when they post statements debunking misinformation. The FGS agreed on an action plan with the United Nations in 2012 to end the recruitment and use of children by the Somali National Army (SNA). Organizations can set themselves up for success in a manner that is adaptivenot stagnantto meet the evolving challenges of anti-trafficking efforts by mindfully weaving together survivor-leadership and trauma-informed approaches for the collective good of all who engage in anti-trafficking spaces. In many ways, the United States and other governments face human trafficking challenges and trends today that reflect the living legacy of the systemic racism and colonization globalized during the transatlantic slave trade through chattel slavery and regional practices of indigenous dispossession. We have seen, for instance, how deeply held racial biases and stereotypes inappropriately influence outcomes for those in our criminal justice system as they lead to racially disparate assumptions about who is identified as a trafficker and who is identified as a victim. 1. PKO funds have been used to support UNICEF child soldier prevention efforts in South Sudan. Organizations might be in different stages of understanding and implementing trauma-informed and survivor-centered processes. A trauma-informed approach is needed now more than ever. The fact-finding mission has a mandate to document abuses by GNA and non-state militias, including child soldier recruitment or use. Page 38: Panos/ Williams Daniels They have set up 16 economic empowerment businesses throughout Albania, which aim to decrease womens risk of exploitation by providing opportunities to participate in entrepreneurial projects in tourism, design, and education, among others. The government established a formal anti-trafficking inter-ministerial committee that monitored shelters, coordinated with NGOs and international organizations to identify and protect victims and drafted and launched the governments first national anti-trafficking action plan. The 2020 UNODC Global Report on Trafficking in Persons is the fifth of its kind mandated by the General Assembly through the 2010 United Nations Global Plan of Action to Combat Trafficking in Persons. Under this sponsorship system, migrant workers who leave their place of employment without permission from their employer forfeit their legal status and thereby increase their risk of arrest and deportation. United States of America, Albania The government of the country should make serious and sustained efforts to eliminate severe forms of trafficking in persons. b. participation in international sex tourism by nationals of the country. This data, while limited and self-selecting, offers important insights into patterns of sex and labor trafficking in North America. As seen in most fields during the pandemic, technology has become a powerful means to connect people and collect information, while limiting individuals exposure to the virus. When their employer abruptly left, the men were able to seek assistance at their national embassy. From 2000 to 2020, SIFOS helped identify 578 child trafficking victims and reintegrate 9,039 children into local society. It is in the U.S. national interest to support efforts to bring about a negotiated political settlement led by the United Nations Office of the Special Envoy of the Secretary-General for Yemen. Kari A. Johnstone Annual Statistics for FY 2021. Austria Advisory Commission on Public Diplomacy, Human Trafficking in the Context of a Global Pandemic, Changing Human Trafficking Trends Amid the COVID-19 Pandemic, Impacts of COVID-19 on the Anti-Trafficking Community, Adaptations to Anti-Trafficking Efforts in Response to COVID-19, Considerations for the Anti-Trafficking Fields Response to COVID-19 and Beyond, Navigating the Unique Complexities in Familial Trafficking, Unifying Trauma-Informed Practices and Voices of Survivor Leadership, The Negative Impacts of Human Trafficking Misinformation, The Role of the Financial Sector: Promising Practices in the Eradication of Trafficking in Persons, Acknowledging Historical and Ongoing Harm: The Connections between Systemic Racism and Human Trafficking, Child-Friendly Spaces for Survivors of Human Trafficking, Letter on LGBTQI+ Vulnerability to Human Trafficking, When the Government is the Trafficker: State-Sponsored Trafficking in Persons, Funding Restrictions for Tier 3 Countries, TVPA Minimum Standards for the Elimination of Trafficking in Persons, Josiane Lina Bemaka-Soui |Central African Republic, Chantal Sagbo Sasse ep. Sri Lanka Fiji Between April 2020 and March 2021, Comoros and Nepal became States Parties to the Protocol. For purposes of the preceding sentence, suspended or significantly reduced sentences for convictions of principal actors in cases of severe forms of trafficking in persons shall be considered, on a case-by-case basis, whether to be considered an indicator of serious and sustained efforts to eliminate severe forms of trafficking in persons. Bemaka-Souis tireless leadership and her efforts to forge these institutional frameworks resulted in the critical foundation for the government to steadily improve its efforts to combat human trafficking. With proper training and guidance, financial institutions and designated non-financial businesses are able to identify illicit finance related to human trafficking and report potential cases. The Department of Defense intends to re-engage with and build the capacity of the Libyan armed forces under 10 U.S.C. The most important key figures provide you with a compact summary of the topic of "Human trafficking " and take you straight to the corresponding statistics. Access to information and translation services for trafficking victims was also a challenge, as victim support networks reduced services to a minimum. Page 44: Elisabetta Zavoli An important component of any successful anti-trafficking strategy is a well-informed public that understands the real indicators of the crime and can identify it when it happens in their own communities. These key principles and concepts relate to all forms of trafficking in persons, including forced labor and sex trafficking. Greater stability and self-reliance is one of our top strategic objectives in the DRC, such that our more than half a billion dollars in annual bilateral assistance can be wound down, and our focus turned more fully toward trade and investment. Others leveraged technology to drive innovative solutions. Consistent with the TVPA, the President may also determine to instruct the U.S. Executive Director of each multilateral development bank and the International Monetary Fund to vote against and use their best efforts to deny any loans or other uses of the institutions funds to a designated Tier 3 country for most purposes (except for humanitarian, trade-related, and certain development-related assistance). The Department of State prepared this Report using information from U.S. embassies, government officials, nongovernmental and international organizations, published reports, news articles, academic studies, consultations with authorities and organizations in every region of the world, and information submitted to tipreport@state.gov. . A secure DRC is essential to attracting the foreign investment and business necessary to leverage the countrys estimated $24 trillion in mineral wealth and improve the welfare and livelihood of millions of Congolese people. Doing so allowed the organization to continue connecting with potential trafficking victims, now hidden in private apartments and clandestine areas instead of clubs and brothels, which had been ordered to close due to the lockdown along with all other public spaces. Namibia Belarus Some countries automatically extended temporary and transitory visas for migrant workers, while others suspended fines for unauthorized stays or extended medical coverage to anyone awaiting a decision on their immigration status. Most victims are not kidnapped by strangers or secretive syndicates. While the TVPA already directs the Secretary to consider the extent to which officials participated in, facilitated, condoned, or were otherwise complicit in trafficking when determining tier rankings, this new section more directly links government involvement in trafficking crimes to a Tier 3 ranking. Israel In addition, APRAMP has a 24-hour hotline, short-term shelters, multidisciplinary care centers, witness protection resources, legal advice, psychological support, a job education center, and self-employment workshops. Create protocols for what all staff should do if they feel exploited by the organization or individuals within the organization. I had grown up in the United States during the AIDS pandemic, hearing the only good [expletive] is a dead one, or it is their punishment for being how they are, they deserve it. My family openly praised my uncles contraction of HIV and waited for his death. Tunisia Pakistan NOTES: Local currencies have been converted to U.S. dollars ($) using the currency exchange rates reported by the U.S. Department of the Treasury on December 31, 2020. I look forward to once again engaging in-person with government counterparts, NGO representatives, and individuals with lived experience to continue the two decades of progress that was celebrated and recognized last year in the twentieth TIP Report. Enabling human trafficking survivors participation in the regulated financial sector is critical. Despite widespread challenges adapting to a remote, digital work environment, anti-trafficking stakeholders leveraged technology to identify victims, support victims and survivors, and increase collaboration. In addition, the President may determine to withhold funding for government official or employee participation in educational and cultural exchange programs in the case of certain Tier 3 countries. Sweden The Jordanian police counter-trafficking unit worked with UNODC to implement a coordinated COVID-19 mitigation plan to protect first responders by procuring sanitation materials, protective equipment, medical kits, and COVID-19 testing units. India "More must be done to reduce the vulnerability of victims, increase the risks to traffickers, and lower demand for the goods and services of modern-day slaves", he said. The kafala systems rules and limitations enable abusive employers to use unscrupulous employment practices that can constitute forced labor; including excessive work hours; retention of passports and travel documents by the employer; non-payment of wages; and physical, psychological, and sexual abuse or threats of abuse. Accordingly, it is in the United States national interest to continue to pursue these lines of effort. data than referenced in the text. Traffickers target some individuals with an initial debt assumed willingly as a condition of future employment, while in certain countries traffickers tell individuals they inherited the debt from relatives. In Haiti, Niger, and Mali, gangs operating in IDP camps took advantage of reduced security and limited protection to force residents at the camp to perform commercial sex acts. Significant work needs to be done to address this practice in South Sudan, and the U.S. government will continue to urge the government to take additional steps to prevent the unlawful recruitment or use of child soldiers. The international community has taken tough action to promote accountability for the PRCs actions and strengthen market defenses against the import of these goods. The Government of Cameroon is taking effective and continuing steps to address the problem of child soldiers. A force of nature, she has prioritized achieving systemic change through grassroots action and effective networking. Trafficking in persons, human trafficking, and modern slavery are umbrella termsoften used interchangeablyto refer to a crime whereby traffickers exploit and profit at the expense of adults or children by compelling them to perform labor or engage in commercial sex. Service providers should continue information-sharing efforts to develop and promote promising practices for supporting identified victims and vulnerable populations during the pandemic. Additional Details Publication Type Online Only I knew my family loathed gays. While the TVPA and the UN TIP Protocol call on governments to proactively address trafficking crimes, some governments are part of the problem, directly compelling their citizens into sex trafficking or forced labor. Norway Lastly, section 333 is used to support counter-improvised explosive devices (C-IED) or route clearance programming which enables the Nigerian military to escort humanitarian assistance convoys in the volatile Northeast where the violence wrought by ISIS-West Africa and Boko Haram has displaced 1.8 million civilians and rendered 9.8 million in the Lake Chad region in need of humanitarian assistance. Unlawful Recruitment or Use of Child Soldiers. 8. This includes conducting awareness raising campaigns when stay-at-home orders remain in place, providing services to identified victims when there are no safe spaces available, and intervening in stalled public justice systems to ensure minimal disruption and deter traffickers from expanding their activities. It is easy to understand why individuals would see something online about human trafficking, especially when it involves children, and feel the need to share or act on the information. 2021 Trafficking In Persons Report: Human Trafficking in the Context of a Global Pandemic DipNote: Human Trafficking Dr. Kari Johnstone, Acting Director Office to Monitor and Combat Trafficking in Persons July 2, 2021 A migrant fisherman keeps watch on a fishing boat. Additionally, COVID-19 mitigation efforts, such as stay-at-home orders and travel limitations, increased rates of gender-based violence and substance abuse, both of which put individuals at a higher risk of human traffickers exploiting them. The need to incorporate anti-trafficking efforts into existing responses in other contexts, such as in humanitarian settings. We must ensure that our commitment to victim-centered and trauma- and survivor-informed approaches when serving victims and survivors is uninterrupted. We must break this inhumane cycle of discrimination and injustices if we hope to one day eliminate human trafficking. In recent years, participants in online forums have spread a number of false and misleading claims about child sex trafficking, sometimes deliberately deceiving the public through disinformation efforts connected to conspiracy theories unrelated to human trafficking. Korea, North During a raid, Salih managed to run away to a displaced persons camp. The Nigerian military has also responded to end the unlawful recruitment and use of child soldiers when isolated incidents are brought to their attention. In Lesotho, a group of trafficking survivors in a shelter produced masks for themselves and the local community, contributing to the fight against the pandemic. All countries must continually increase efforts to combat trafficking. The Department has highlighted the vulnerability of LGBTQI+ individuals, the trafficking risks they face, and the challenges associated with victim identification and protection around the world.
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